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Navigation Systems - Level 3

Navigation is an integral and critically important aspect of flying. If a pilot does not know where he is at all times while airborne, or cannot quickly determine his/her position in the sky by the use of the on-board equipment, then such a pilot is doomed to disaster. This chapter attempts to describe and discuss the common navigation instruments, navigation aids (both ground and airborne) and the associated systems, that together, are absolutely essential to the successful conduct of a cross country flight.

Sections in this Chapter:

	NAVAIDS (Navigation Aids) Radio Theory Very High / Ultra High Frequency (VHF / UHF) Radio Aids Radar Systems Precautionary Use of Navigation Aids
	VOR (Very High Frequency Omnirange) VOR Accuracy Aircraft VOR Components Determination of Position Flight to a VOR Station
	DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) Basic Principles DME Components and Operations Flying a DME Arc
	ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) Limitations and Benefits ADF Components ADF Operations
	RMI (Radio Magnetic Indicator)
	ILS (Instrument Landing System) Localizer Glide Slope Equipment ILS Marker Beacons Lightning Systems NDBs at Marker Beacons Sites
	MLS (Microwave Landing System) System Description ILS Limitations MLS Advantages Approach Azimuth Guidance Back Azimuth Guidance Elevation Guidance Range Guidance Data Communications
	RNAV (Area Navigation) VOR/DME Loran-C GPS (Global Positioning System) OMEGA Network INS (Inertial Navigation System) FMS (Flight Management Systems) Airspace Using RNAV

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Updated: February 23, 1999