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Shear.

   Shear stress is caused by forces tending to slip or slide one part of a material in respect to another part. This is the stress that is placed on a piece of wood clamped in a vise and you Chip away at it with a hammer and chisel. This type of stress is also exerted when two pieces of metal, bolted together, are pulled apart by sliding one over the other or when you sharpen a pencil with a knife. The rivets in an aircraft are intended to carry only shear. Bolts, as a rule, carry only shear, but sometimes they carry both shear and tension. (see animation or figure 1-2d) <p><img src="images/pic1-2d.gif" alt="Type of stress: Shear" align="bottom" width="304" height="130">

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Updated: February 17, 1999